10th Class Urdu Chapter 1 Notes

Definition

The lesson gathers first-hand testimony from four people closest to the Prophet (ﷺ): his wife Hazrat Khadija al-Kubra (RA), his wife Hazrat Ayesha Siddiqa (RA), his cousin and son-in-law Hazrat Ali (RA), and Hazrat Hind bin Abi Hala (RA), who was raised in the Prophet's own household — together their accounts show that his greatness lay above all in his everyday moral conduct.

Definition

At the very start of revelation, when the Prophet (ﷺ) was frightened and unsettled, Hazrat Khadija (RA) — married to him for 25 years — consoled him with these words: 'Never! By God, God will never let you be humiliated. You maintain family ties, you bear the burden of the indebted, you help the poor, you host guests, you support the truth, and you come to people's aid in calamities.' Her words are treated as an early, direct testimony to his established good character even before prophethood was publicly declared.

Definition

According to Hazrat Ayesha (RA), when the Prophet (ﷺ) entered the house he came in cheerful, laughing and smiling; he never sat with his legs stretched out in front of friends, and he spoke in a measured, deliberate way so that anyone who wished to remember his words could do so.

She also said he never returned evil for evil, always forgave and overlooked faults, chose the easier of two lawful options when given a choice, never took personal revenge, and never cursed a Muslim by name or struck a servant, woman, or animal.

Definition

Hazrat Ali (RA), who served the Prophet (ﷺ) for 32 years, described him as cheerful-faced (khanda-jabeen), soft-natured (narm-khoo), and kind-hearted in temperament (mehrban-tab'); he was never harsh-tempered or narrow-hearted, no bad word ever left his mouth, and he never went looking for others' faults.

In one narrated passage, the Prophet (ﷺ) is described as having completely renounced three things in himself — needless debate and argument, talking more than necessary, and involving himself in matters that did not concern him — and, toward others, three more things: speaking ill of anyone, searching out anyone's faults, and prying into anyone's private affairs. He spoke only words from which some benefit could result — illustrating his extraordinary self-discipline in speech and his respect for others' privacy and dignity.

Definition

Hazrat Hind bin Abi Hala (RA), who was, so to speak, raised in the Prophet's own embrace, said he (ﷺ) was gentle-natured and never harsh, never insulted anyone, and gave thanks even for small things. Whatever food was placed before him he ate without ever finding fault with it. He would grow angry only in defence of truth and would support it fully, but he never grew angry or sought revenge over a personal matter of his own.

Definition

akhlaq-e-mubaraka = blessed/noble character; khidmat-e-zaujiyat = companionship/service as a spouse; Ummahat-ul-Mumineen = the Prophet's wives, 'Mothers of the Believers'; ahkam-e-ilahi = God's commandments; khanda-jabeen = cheerful/smiling-faced; tewar = facial expression; sarahatan = explicitly, clearly; rast-go = truthful, plain-spoken; tahammul = forbearance, patience.

Definition

Jama saalim (sound plural) is formed by adding a regular ending to the singular without changing its internal structure — masculine sound plurals typically add '-een' (e.g. haazir $\to$ haazireen, kaatib $\to$ kaatibeen, mujahid $\to$ mujahideen, naazir $\to$ naazireen), while feminine sound plurals typically add '-aat' directly (e.g. haadisa $\to$ haadisaat).

Jama mukassar (broken plural) changes the internal structure of the singular word itself, rather than simply adding an ending (e.g. baab $\to$ abwaab, jurm $\to$ ja'raa'im, ufuq $\to$ aafaaq, kitaab $\to$ kutub).

Jama-ul-jama (plural of a plural) adds a further plural ending ('-aat') onto a word that is already a broken plural, effectively pluralizing it a second time (e.g. wajah $\to$ wujooh $\to$ wujoohaat; hukm $\to$ ahkaam $\to$ ahkaamaat; ajooba $\to$ ajaa'ib $\to$ ajaa'ibaat).